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2007 Europe - Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband in United Kingdom and Ireland
Market Report, November 2007, 636  €


Description

BuddeComm’s latest UK and Ireland Annual Publication, ‘2007 Telecoms, Mobile and Broadband in the UK and Ireland’, profiles two countries with close links between regulators and telcos.
Ireland’s small telecom market contrasts with that of the UK, which is among Europe’s largest and most vibrant.
Ireland has been slow to develop broadband and digital TV, while the UK has a highly competitive broadband sector and the largest digital TV market in the EU.
In the UK the markets for triple play continued to mature during 2007, while digital TV take-up reached 85% by mid-year.
The country began switching off analogue transmissions in October 2007 in a phased program to 2012.
The consolidation of the cable market, with Virgin Media the dominant player, has helped rationalise network upgrades while the operator has extended its footprint through wholesale DSL access.
For the country overview, see chapter 1, page 1.Ireland’s incumbent, eircom, in October 2007 set in train its structural separation, aiming to separate its network infrastructure from its retail business.
The model differs from that of BT’s Openreach but if successful it may dramatically boost market competition and provide the stimulus for widespread broadband take-up, encourage investment in network upgrades and promote high-bandwidth triple play services in coming years.
For the country overview, see chapter 2, page 95.This report presents an overview of telecoms liberalisation and privatisation in the UK and Ireland, together with product offerings for both the mobile and broadband sectors.
It provides the latest key statistics for operators in all sectors, highlighting market and technological developments and detailing the emergence of media convergence and triple and quad-play in these two important markets.
The report also covers the latest regulatory developments, together with an analysis of NGNs and the strategies of the main players in coming years.Key Highlights2007 saw further development in quad-play offers, led by Virgin Media and BSkyB through its Sky Broadband, Sky Talk and Sky Plus brands.
In October 2007 BSkyB launched a pared down version of its pay TV, broadband and telephone services under a new brand, Picnic.
The company’s equipment has been installed in BT exchanges covering 70% of UK homes.
To address the UK’s relatively low broadband download speeds the regulator in October 2007 promoted the concept of a national fibre network costing up to £15 billion, with the potential for regulatory intervention to safeguard operator investment sin the sector.
eircom sought government approval to split company’s wholesale and retail divisions into two separate operations, with different owners.
The structural separation would go some way to address the country’s poor broadband infrastructure and take-up, though the company may expect its fibre network to be closed to competitors for up to five years as a part of any deal.
The UK’s digital and pay TV markets is among the most developed in Europe, with a range of services reached by about 85% of the population.
The Mobile TV market was strengthened in 2007 with deals between operators and content providers - H3 with BSkyB, Orange and Vodafone with the BBC.
H3 in April 2007 launched free advertising-funded mobile TV, while an advertising-funded MVNO, Blyk, may prove to be one of the more successful business models in the market.
Broadband subscribers and penetration in the UK and Ireland - 2004 - 2007 UK Ireland Year Subscribers Penetration Subscribers Penetration 2004 6,129,300 10% 135,000 3% 2005 9,840,500 17% 270,700 6% 2006 13,111,600 24% 517,300 12% 2007 (e) 17,250,000 28% 685,000 17% (Source: BuddeComm based on industry sources)For those needing high level strategic information and objective analysis on this region, this 170+ page report is essential reading and gives further information on:eircom’s structural separation, its impact on broadband take-up, and the regulatory measures needed to guarantee equality of access for competitors; Ireland’s mobile market following eircom’s award of a 3G licence; The growing demand for IPTV, VoD and other triple play services and its effect in stimulating both DSL and cable network upgrades; The changing face of converged media with widespread triple play services becoming a standard feature in homes.


Sommaire


1. UNITED KINGDOM
1.1 Key statistics
1.2 Telecommunications market
1.2.1 Overview of the UK’s telecom market
1.3 Regulatory environment
1.3.1 History
1.3.2 EU Regulatory Framework
1.3.3 Regulatory authority
1.3.4 BT’s structural separation
1.3.5 Next Generation Networks (NGN)
1.3.6 Telecom sector liberalisation in the UK
1.4 Major fixed network operators in the UK
1.4.1 New regulations
1.4.2 British Telecom
1.4.3 KCOM
1.4.4 Cable & Wireless
1.4.5 Virgin Media
1.4.6 COLT Telecom
1.4.7 THUS
1.4.8 Carphone Warehouse
1.4.9 Post Office re-entry
1.4.10 Orange
1.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
1.5.1 National telecom network
1.5.2 International
1.6 Broadband market
1.6.1 Overview
1.6.2 Cable modems
1.6.3 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
1.6.4 Fibre-to-the-Home (FttH) networks
1.6.5 Broadband Powerline (BPL)
1.6.6 Wireless broadband
1.6.7 Broadband forecasts to 2017
1.7 Convergence
1.7.1 Overview of media convergence
1.7.2 Key general trends
1.7.3 Triple play models
1.7.4 Regulator issues
1.7.5 Digital TV (DTV)
1.8 Mobile communications
1.8.1 Overview of the UK’s mobile market
1.8.2 Regulatory issues
1.8.3 Mobile technologies
1.8.4 Major mobile operators
1.8.5 Mobile voice services
1.8.6 Mobile data services
2. IRELAND
2.1 Key statistics
2.2 Telecommunications market
2.2.1 Overview of Ireland’s telecom market
2.3 Regulatory environment
2.3.1 History
2.3.2 Regulatory authority
2.3.3 Telecom sector liberalisation in Ireland
2.3.4 Number Portability (NP)
2.3.5 Carrier PreSelection (CPS)
2.4 Fixed network operators in Ireland
2.4.1 Operator market shares
2.4.2 eircom
2.4.3 BT Ireland
2.4.4 Smart Telecom
2.4.5 Tele2
2.4.6 Other operators
2.5 Telecommunications infrastructure
2.5.1 National telecom network
2.5.2 Structural separation issues
2.5.3 International
2.6 Broadband market
2.6.1 Overview
2.6.2 Broadband statistics
2.6.3 Cable modems
2.6.4 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
2.6.5 Broadband forecasts to 2017
2.7 Convergence
2.7.1 Overview of media convergence
2.7.2 Key general trends
2.7.3 Triple play models
2.7.4 Regulatory issues
2.7.5 Digital TV
2.8 Mobile communications
2.8.1 Overview of Ireland’s mobile market
2.8.2 Regulatory issues
2.8.3 Mobile technologies
2.8.4 Major mobile operators
2.8.5 Mobile voice services
2.8.6 Mobile data services
2.8.7 Mobile applications
3. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS


Exhibit 1 – Principal submarine cables from the UK – 2007
Exhibit 2 – BT’s wholesale DSL products – 2007
Exhibit 3 – Wireless opportunities
Exhibit 4 – WLAN operator business models - 2007
Exhibit 5 – Operators’ service bundling offers – August 2007
Exhibit 6 – Technology developments in bundled services – 2007 - 2008
Exhibit 7 – Digital broadcasting switchover timetable – 2008 - 2012
Exhibit 8 – Snapshot of digital TV services – July 2007
Exhibit 9 – Popular VoIP providers – 2007
Exhibit 10 – 3G infrastructure suppliers
Exhibit 11 – 3G licence results – June 2002
Exhibit 12 – WDMDS licences: operators, spectrum and fees – 2005




Table 1 – Country statistics United Kingdom – 2007
Table 2 – Telecom revenue and investment statistics – 2007
Table 3 – Telephone network statistics – 2007
Table 4 – Internet user statistics – June 2007
Table 5 – Broadband statistics – March 2007
Table 6 – Mobile statistics – June 2007
Table 7 – National telecommunications authority
Table 8 – Cost of average telecoms services – 2002 - 2006
Table 9 – Communications retail sector revenue – 2001 - 2006
Table 10 – Share of communications wholesale and retail revenue – 2001 - 2006
Table 11 – Communications wholesale and retail revenue – 2001 - 2006
Table 12 – Telecom connections: fixed, mobile, broadband and Internet – 2002 - 2007
Table 13 – BT Openreach LLU volumes – 2004 - 2007
Table 14 – LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental – 2004 - 2006
Table 15 – Proportion of unbundled exchanges and connections – 2005 - 2007
Table 16 – Unbundled loops and access lines – 2004 - 2007
Table 17 – ISP share of LLU lines – 2006
Table 18 – Share of non-BT lines by sector – 2002 - 2006
Table 19 – Numbers ported – 2004 – 2005 *
Table 20 – Lines with CPS – 2004 - 2007
Table 21 – Use of alternative fixed-line providers – 2006
Table 22 – WLR lines – 2004 - 2007
Table 23 – Market share of fixed voice calls – 2002 - 2006
Table 24 – BT market share of residential call types by traffic volumes – 2002 - 2006
Table 25 – BT revenue, EBITDA, CAPEX, profit, debt and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 26 – KCOM turnover – 1999 - 2007
Table 27 – Cable & Wireless financial statistics – 2006 - 2007
Table 28 – Virgin Media revenue – 2006 - 2007
Table 29 – COLT data and voice revenue, EBITDA and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 30 – THUS mobile and broadband subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 31 – THUS revenue, EBITDA and operating loss – 2006 - 2007
Table 32 – Carphone Warehouse revenue, profit and annual change – 2007
Table 33 – Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 1995 - 2007
Table 34 – Broadband retail revenue – 2000 - 2007
Table 35 – ISP market share of broadband subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 36 – Broadband connections by type – 2002 - 2007
Table 37 – Market share of broadband subscribers – 2002 - 2007
Table 38 – Broadband availability by households – 2000 - 2007
Table 39 – Internet / Broadband service revenue – 2001 - 2006
Table 40 – UK broadband market overview – 2003 - 2006
Table 41 – Broadband penetration by technology – 2004 - 2006
Table 42 – Total broadband subscribers and penetration by type – 2004 - 2007
Table 43 – Percentage Internet access by dial-up and broadband – 2000 - 2006
Table 44 – Residential Internet and broadband connections – 2002 - 2007
Table 45 – PC, broadband and Internet household penetration – 2000 - 2007
Table 46 – Broadband and narrowband share of connections – 2004 - 2006
Table 47 – Broadband lines by type: DSL, LLU, cable; wholesale – 2006
Table 48 – Virgin Media subscriber statistics – 2006 - 2007
Table 49 – Virgin Media cable revenue statistics – 2006 - 2007
Table 50 – xDSL subscribers – 2000 - 2007
Table 51 – Average UK residential broadband subscription prices – 2001 - 2006
Table 52 – BT retail and wholesale broadband subscribers – 2004 - 2007
Table 53 – Pipex revenue and pre-tax loss – 2006 – 2007
Table 54 – Forecast broadband subscriber growth – stronger market growth scenario – 2007 - 2011; 2017
Table 55 – Forecast broadband subscriber growth – weaker market growth scenario – 2007 - 2011; 2017
Table 56 – Availability and penetration of digital services – mid-2007
Table 57 – Proportion of bundled services by type – 2006
Table 58 – Statistical overview of the digital TV market – 2005 - 2007
Table 59 – Market share of TV homes by platform (primary sets) – 2005 - 2007
Table 60 – Digital TV take up, share of main TV sets – 2004 - 2007
Table 61 – Share of multi-channel TV – 2004 - 2007
Table 62 – Digital TV share of net additions – 2004 - 2007
Table 63 – Homes equipped for DTTV – 2006 - 2007
Table 64 – DTTV equipment sales – 2006 - 2007
Table 65 – Cumulative DTTV STB sales – 2006 - 2007
Table 66 – BT VoIP subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 67 – Cable TV subscribers and penetration – 2003 - 2007
Table 68 – Virgin Media subscribers, connected homes, ARPU and DVRs – 2006 - 2007
Table 69 – Virgin Media revenue, operating cash flow and operating income – 2005 - 2006
Table 70 – Free-to-view satellite households - 2005 - 2007
Table 71 – BSkyB subscriber statistics - 2005 - 2007
Table 72 – BSkyB ARPU - 2005 - 2007
Table 73 – BSkyB revenue, operating profit and annual change - 2007
Table 74 – Mobile voice traffic and total traffic – 2005 - 2006
Table 75 – Mobile operators, technology, subscribers and annual change – June 2007
Table 76 – Market share by operator – Q2 2007
Table 77 – Mobile subscribers and penetration – 1995 - 2007
Table 78 – Active mobile subscribers: contract and prepaid – 2001 - 2006
Table 79 – Mobile and fixed phones in homes – 2000 - 2007
Table 80 – Consumer methods of making/receiving calls – 2004 - 2005
Table 81 – Mobile subscribers by operator – 2000 - 2007
Table 82 – Mobile retail revenue by operator – 2000 - 2007
Table 83 – Total mobile retail revenue by sector – 2002 - 2006
Table 84 – ARPU by operator – 2006 - 2007
Table 85 – Data and voice ARPU per subscriber – 2002 - 2006
Table 86 – ARPU by subscription type – 2002 - 2006
Table 87 – 3G licence results – April 2000
Table 88 – Portion of spectrum use by sector – 2006
Table 89 – Mobile numbers ported – 2003 – 2005 *
Table 90 – Average mobile termination charges – 2000 - 2005
Table 91 – Average mobile retail call and messaging revenue – 2002 - 2006
Table 92 – Mobile market share by operator – 2004 - 2007
Table 93 – Share of net adds by network operator – 2005 - 2007
Table 94 – O2 net service and total revenue, OIBDA and annual change – Q2 2007
Table 95 – O2 SMSs sent – 2005 - 2007
Table 96 – O2 quarterly ARPU – blended, contract, prepaid and data – 2006 - 2007
Table 97 – O2 subscribers, prepaid and contract – 2005 - 2007
Table 98 – Vodafone ARPU – blended, contract and prepaid – 2005 - 2007
Table 99 – Vodafone mobile non voice as % service revenue – 2005 - 2007
Table 100 – Vodafone 3G and live! subscribers – 2005 - 2007
Table 101 – Vodafone subscribers and proportion prepaid – 2001 - 2007
Table 102 – Vodafone Group revenue by sector and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 103 – T-Mobile revenue, ARPU, EBITDA and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 104 – T-Mobile subscriber statistics – 2005 - 2007
Table 105 – Orange subscribers, contract and prepaid – 2006 - 2007
Table 106 – Orange service revenue: data as % of total – 2006 - 2007
Table 107 – Orange revenue – 2005 - 2007
Table 108 – Orange annual ARPU: contract, prepaid, blended, voice and data – 2006 - 2007
Table 109 – Virgin Mobile subscribers – 2005 - 2007
Table 110 – Carphone Warehouse subscribers – 2002 - 2007
Table 111 – Carphone Warehouse mobile revenue – 2006 - 2007
Table 112 – Percentage of prepaid customers per operator – 2003 - 2006
Table 113 – Average cost per mobile minute (pence) – 2002 - 2006
Table 114 – Total and average text messages sent – 1999 - 2007
Table 115 – Average SMS revenues – 2001 - 2005
Table 116 – SMS and MMS revenue by operator – 2006 - 2007
Table 117 – SMS and MMS volumes by operator – 2006 - 2007
Table 118 – Average monthly MMS use – 2003 - 2005
Table 119 – Vodafone live! customers – 2005 - 2007
Table 120 – Country statistics Ireland – 2007
Table 121 – Telecom revenue and investment statistics – 2007
Table 122 – Telephone network statistics – 2007
Table 123 – Internet user statistics – June 2007
Table 124 – Broadband statistics – March 2007
Table 125 – Mobile statistics – June 2007
Table 126 – National telecommunications authority
Table 127 – Market revenue shares by fixed, mobile and broadcasting sector - 2002 - 2007
Table 128 – Fixed-line, mobile and broadcasting revenue - 2005 - 2007
Table 129 – Fixed-line revenue by service - 2005 - 2007
Table 130 – Proportion of fixed-line revenue by service - 2004 - 2007
Table 131 – Unbundled loops and access lines – 2004 - 2007
Table 132 – LLU, shared access price - connection, monthly rental – 2004 - 2006
Table 133 – eircom access channels: PSTN, ISDN, ADSL and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 134 – Access paths – 2005 - 2007
Table 135 – eircom leased lines by type and annual change – 2005 - 2007
Table 136 – Numbers ported – 2003 - 2006
Table 137 – Indirect access lines: CPS and WLR – 2005 - 2007
Table 138 – Total narrowband fixed-line revenue by operator - 2006 - 2007
Table 139 – Total narrowband fixed-line revenue - 2005 - 2007
Table 140 – Fixed-line call volumes (thousand minutes): incumbent and OAOs - 2005 - 2007
Table 141 – Operator market share of fixed-line connections - June 2007
Table 142 – eircom turnover, EBITDA and CAPEX - 2001 - 2007
Table 143 – eircom revenue, EBITDA, profit and annual change - 2006 - 2007
Table 144 – eircom voice traffic revenue by type and annual change - 2006 - 2007
Table 145 – eircom data traffic revenue by type and annual change - 2006 - 2007
Table 146 – eircom access channels, subscribers and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 147 – eircom voice traffic minutes by type and annual change – 2006 - 2007
Table 148 – BT Ireland Internet subscribers - 2006 - 2007
Table 149 – BT Ireland revenue (All Ireland) - 2006 - 2007
Table 150 – Smart Telecom turnover, EBITDA, gross profit/loss - 2003 - 2005
Table 151 – Smart Telecom subscriber statistics by sector - 2005
Table 152 – Fixed lines in service and teledensity – 1995 - 2007
Table 153 – Direct / indirect access paths – 2005 - 2007
Table 154 – Broadband penetration by technology – 2006
Table 155 – Share of home Internet connections by technology – June 2007
Table 156 – Share of corporate Internet connections by technology – 2005 - 2006
Table 157 – Share of home Internet connections by ISP – June 2007
Table 158 – Total broadband subscribers by access type – 2002 - 2007
Table 159 – Narrowband subscribers; metered and flat rate - 2005 - 2007
Table 160 – Internet share by platform - 2004 - 2007
Table 161 – Broadband and Internet growth by platform - 2006 - 2007
Table 162 – Share of total broadband market by operator - 2004 - 2007
Table 163 – Proportion of DSL access by type - 2004 - 2006
Table 164 – UPC Broadband subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 165 – DSL access provision by type and operator – 2002 - 2007
Table 166 – eircom’s ADSL and bitstream lines – 2004 - 2007
Table 167 – Wireless hotspots and access points - March 2007
Table 168 – Forecast broadband subscriber growth – stronger market growth scenario – 2007 - 2011; 2017
Table 169 – Forecast broadband subscriber growth – weaker market growth scenario – 2007 - 2011; 2017
Table 170 – Statistical overview of Ireland’s broadcasting market - 2006 - 2007
Table 171 – Take-up of broadcasting services, % of total - 2002 - 2007
Table 172 – Digital TV: cable and satellite market share - 2004 - 2007
Table 173 – Corporate and SME use of VoIP – 2005 - 2006
Table 174 – Pay TV market access type: analogue and digital - 2002 - 2006
Table 175 – Digital Pay TV subscribers as % of pay TV – 2005 - 2006
Table 176 – Broadcasting subscribers by platform and annual growth - 2006 - 2007
Table 177 – Pay TV market: percentage analogue and digital (of pay TV) - 2004 - 2007
Table 178 – Broadcasting market breakdown by technology - 2004 - 2007
Table 179 – Subscribers to pay TV services - 2005 - 2007
Table 180 – Cable TV subscribers and penetration – 2000 - 2007
Table 181 – UPC Ireland operating data and subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 182 – Satellite TV antennae and home penetration – 1992 - 2007
Table 183 – BSkyB satellite TV subscribers – 2003 - 2007
Table 184 – Operator blended ARPU – 2005 - 2007
Table 185 – Mobile operators, technology, subscribers and annual growth – June 2007
Table 186 – Mobile subscribers and penetration – 1995 - 2007
Table 187 – Mobile-only subscribers and fixed-line connections – 2003 - 2006
Table 188 – Mobile market revenue - 2005 - 2007
Table 189 – Mobile traffic volume - 2005 - 2007
Table 190 – Mobile market share by operator- 2004 - 2007
Table 191 – Market share of net adds by operator – 2005 - 2007
Table 192 – Market share of revenue by operator – 2003 - 2007
Table 193 – Roaming tariffs by call type and by operator – 2007
Table 194 – Cumulative mobile numbers ported – 2003 - 2007
Table 195 – Vodafone subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 196 – Vodafone ARPU – 2006 - 2007
Table 197 – O2 annualised ARPU, blended, prepaid and contract – 2006 - 2007
Table 198 – O2 revenue, subscribers, SMS, monthly minutes and annual change – Q2 2007
Table 199 – Meteor Mobile subscribers – 2003 - 2007
Table 200 – eircom mobile services revenue, EBITDA and annual change - 2006 - 2007
Table 201 – 3 Ireland revenue and loss – 2005 - 2006
Table 202 – Share of mobile retail voice traffic by type – 2003 - 2005
Table 203 – Mobile voice minutes – 2005 - 2007
Table 204 – Prepaid versus postpaid share of subscribers – 2000 - 2007
Table 205 – Proportion of prepaid and contract subscribers by operator – 2006 - 2007
Table 206 – Meteor Mobile prepaid and contract subscribers – 2006 - 2007
Table 207 – SMS messages sent – 2000 - 2007
Table 208 – MMS messages sent – 2005 - 2007

Chapter 1 Executive Summary


  • Background

    • Introduction
    • Overview of the Report


  • Scope and Methodology

    • Scope of the Market
    • Methodology


  • Overview of the Market

    • Men’s Population Totals 110 Million
    • Men Continue to Generate Bulk of Consumer Income
    • Married Men Generate Most Income
    • Aggregate Income of Men Will Grow 19% by 2012


  • Profile of the Men’s Population

    • Men Form Majority in Younger Population Segments
    • Older Men Most Content
    • Conservative Views Intensify with Age
    • Men under 35 Driven by Their Careers


  • The Changing Role of Men in American Society

    • Educational Achievement of Younger Men Continues to Lag
    • Men Will Earn Minority of Professional Degrees by 2015
    • Men Now less Likely to Marry Their Educational Inferiors
    • Most Husbands Still Out-earn Wives
    • Education Gap Affects Marriage Prospects of Young Men and Women in Large Metro Areas
    • Men Still More Likely to Be in Workforce
    • Earnings Difference Narrows as Education Gap Widens
    • Divorce Rate Growing
    • Men More Dependent on Their Parents


  • How Men Spend Leisure Time

    • Play Gives Way to Work at Age 25
    • Listening to Music and Going Out to Eat Rank as Most Popular Leisure Activities
    • Movie Attendance Declines with Age
    • Fitness Walking Most Popular Sports Activity
    • Older Men More Tuned In to Traditional Media
    • Magazine Choices of Men Change with Age
    • Popularity of TV Sports Transcends Age Groups


  • How Men Spend Money

    • Younger Men Like to Shop
    • Shopping in Home Improvement and Home Furnishings Stores Peaks in Middle Years
    • Sense of Financial Security Increases with Age
    • Use of Internet Varies across Age Groups
    • Cars Part of Self-Image of Younger Men
    • Men in 60+ Age Group Best Customers for New Car Dealers
    • Diet and Exercise Become More Important as Men Age
    • Younger Men Like to Try Out New Foods


  • Consumer Profile: Young Shoppers

    • “Young Shoppers Defined”
    • Young Shoppers Are Influencers and Trendsetters
    • Young Shoppers on the Lookout for Sales and Bargains
    • Brand Awareness High
    • Young Shoppers Enamored of Their Looks
    • Young Shoppers Are Fashion-Driven
    • Experimenting with New Foods Part of Young Shoppers’ Lifestyle
    • Home Decorating Important to Young Shoppers
    • Young Shoppers Are Traditional Media Mavens


  • Consumer Profile: Blue-Collar vs. College-Educated Young Men

    • Declining Educational Achievement among Younger Men Has Implications for Marketers
    • “Blue-Collar” and “College-Educated” Segments Defined
    • Many Blue-Collar Young Men Have Substantial Income 13
    • Blue-Collar Shoppers less Sensitive to Price
    • Blue-Collar Shopping Habits Unaffected by Internet
    • Cars More Important to Blue-Collar Segment
    • Computers Present in Most Blue-Collar Homes
    • College-Educated Men Focus More on Personal Fitness and Healthy Eating
    • Young Men with College Background Have Wider Tastes in Food


  • Consumer Profile: Never-Married vs. Married Men

    • “Never-Marrieds” Fast-Growing Market Segment
    • Never-Married Population Heavily Urban
    • Most Never-Married Men Live with Others
    • Married Men More Content
    • Never-Married Men Far More Concerned about Looking Good
    • Home Important to Never-Married Men
    • Cooking Provides Centerpiece of Home Life for Never-
    • Married Men
    • Never-Married Men Work Out More
    • Never-Married Men Like to Shop
    • Attitudes toward Food Differ Significantly
    • Never-Married Men More Interested in Managing Health
    • Never-Married Men More Attracted to Online Shopping


  • Consumer Profile: Modern vs. Traditional Men

    • The “Metrosexual” Man Falls Out of Favor
    • Defining “Modern” and “Traditional” Men
    • Modern Men Want to Look Good
    • Modern Men Focus on Their Homes
    • Traditional Men Better at Fixing Things
    • Traditional Men Go Out Less Often
    • Traditional Men More Likely to Go Hunting and Golfing
    • Wide Differences Seen in Shopping Behavior
    • Traditional Men Have Conservative Dress Style
    • Healthy Eating Key Goal of Modern Men
    • Kitchens Important to Modern Men
    • Modern Men See Cars as Way to Express Identity, Traditional Men View Autos as Mode of Transportation


  • Trends and Opportunities

    • Social Trends Changing Structure of Men’s Market
    • Marketers and Media Executives Continue Quest to Engage Men
    • Young Shoppers and Modern Men Offer Many Similar Opportunities for Marketers
    • Blue-Collar Segment Merits Respect
    • Older Men Deserve More Attention from Marketers
    • Never-Married and Other Single Men in Older Age Groups Are Major Spenders













                          Chapter 2 Trends and Opportunities


                          • Social Trends Changing Structure of Men’s Market
                          • Marketers and Media Executives Continue Quest to Engage Men
                          • Marketers of Men’s Grooming Products Turn to Branded Entertainment
                          • MTV Creates a New Division to Integrate Advertising to Men across Multiple Platforms
                          • Men’s Magazines Adopt the Service Approach of Women’s Titles
                          • PepsiCo Redesigns Diet Pepsi Packaging to Attract More Men
                          • Men’s Grooming Companies Try Radically Different Marketing Approaches
                          • Young Shoppers and Modern Men Offer Many Similar Opportunities for Marketers
                          • Blue-Collar Segment Merits Respect
                          • Table 2-1Aggregate Income of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men without a College Education, 2006
                          • Older Men Deserve More Attention from Marketers
                          • Never-Married and Other Single Men in Older Age Groups Are Major Spenders
                          • Table 2-2 Aggregate Income of Never-Married Men Age 25 and Over, by Age Group, 2006
                          • Table 2-3 Aggregate Consumer Expenditures of Single Men Age 35 and Over, by Age Group and Expenditure Category, 2005 (in million $)














                                                    Chapter 3 Overview of the Market


                                                    • Size and Growth of the Men’s Market
                                                    • Men’s Population Totals 110 Million
                                                    • Men Continue to Generate Bulk of Consumer Income
                                                    • Figure 3-1 Aggregate Income of Men and Women, 2006 (in billion $)
                                                    • Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Packaged Facts
                                                    • Married Men Generate Most Income
                                                    • Table 3-1 Aggregate Income of Men, Rank Ordered by Age Group and Marital Status, 2006
                                                    • Table 3-2 Aggregate Income of Men, by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2006
                                                    • Table 3-3 Aggregate Income of Men, by Age Group, 2006
                                                    • Aggregate Income of Men Will Grow 19% by 2012
                                                    • Table 3-4 Projected Growth in Aggregate Income of Men, 2007-2012 (in billion $)


                                                  • Profile of the Men’s Population

                                                    • Men Form Majority in Younger Population Segments
                                                    • Table 3-5 Distribution of Adult Population, by Gender, 2006
                                                    • (in thousands)
                                                    • Table 3-6 Distribution of Adult Population, by Age Group and Gender, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                    • Multicultural Men More Significant in Younger Age Groups of Men’s Population
                                                    • Table 3-7 Male Population, by Race and Hispanic Origin, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                    • Table 3-8 Men’s Population, by Age Group, Non-Hispanic Whites vs. Others, 2006 (in thousands)


                                                  • Core Values

                                                    • Older Men Most Content
                                                    • Table 3-9 Attitudes toward Life of Men, by Age Group
                                                    • Conservative Views Intensify with Age
                                                    • Table 3-10 Social Values of Men, by Age Group
                                                    • Men Under 35 Driven by Their Careers
                                                    • Table 3-11 Attitudes toward Work and Money of Men by Age Group














                                                                              Chapter 4 The Changing Role of Men in American Society


                                                                              • Social Trends Affecting the Men’s Market

                                                                                • Educational Achievement of Younger Men Continues to Lag
                                                                                • Figure 4-1 Full-Time College Students by Gender, 2005 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Table 4-1 Percentage of Men and Women with College Degree or More, 2006
                                                                                • Men Will Earn Minority of Professional Degrees by 2015
                                                                                • Table 4-2 Actual and Projected Numbers of College Degrees by Gender, 2003-2004 vs. 2015-2016
                                                                                • Men Now Less Likely to Marry Their Educational Inferiors
                                                                                • Table 4-3 Educational Attainment of Married Men and Women, 1985 vs. 2006
                                                                                • Most Husbands Still Out-earn Wives
                                                                                • Table 4-4 Earnings of Husbands and Wives, 1999 vs. 2005
                                                                                • (in thousands)
                                                                                • Education Gap Affects Marriage Prospects of Young Men and Women in Large Metro Areas
                                                                                • Table 4-5 Percentage of 18- to 34-Year-old Men and Women with College Degree or More in 20 Largest Metropolitan Areas, 2005


                                                                              • Economic Changes Affecting the Status of Men

                                                                                • Men Still More Likely to Be in Workforce
                                                                                • Table 4-6 Labor Force Participation by Age Group, Men vs.
                                                                                • Women, 2006
                                                                                • Table 4-7 Full-Time and Part-Time Employment of the Population Age 20 Years and Over, Men vs. Women, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Men Continue to Earn More than Women
                                                                                • Table 4-8 Mean Income by Age Group, Men vs. Women, 2006
                                                                                • Table 4-9 Occupations of Men and Women, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Many Men under Age 40 Are High Earners
                                                                                • Table 4-10 High-Income Men by Age Group, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Younger Women Begin to Dominate Jobs Needing College Education
                                                                                • Table 4-11 Percentage of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men and Women Working Full-Time, Year-Round, by Educational Attainment and by Age Group, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Figure 4-2 Men as Percentage of College Graduates with Earnings, 1975 vs. 2005
                                                                                • Earnings Difference Narrows as Education Gap Widens
                                                                                • Table 4-12 Mean Earnings of Men and Women Working Full-Time, Year-Round, by Age Group, 2006
                                                                                • Table 4-13 Mean Earnings of Men and Women with College Degree or More, 1970 vs. 2005


                                                                              • Social Trends

                                                                                • Men’s Population Getting Older Faster
                                                                                • Table 4-14 Projected Growth in Population Age 65 and Older, Men vs. Women, 2000 vs. 2020 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Most Men Live in Family Settings
                                                                                • Table 4-15 Living Arrangements of Men, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Table 4-16 Living Arrangements of Men by Age Group, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Divorce Rate Growing
                                                                                • Table 4-17 Marital Status of Men and Women over 18 Years of Age, 2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Figure 4-3 Percentage of Men Divorced and Separated, 1970-2006
                                                                                • Figure 4-4 Number of Divorced and Separated Men, 1970-2006 (in thousands)
                                                                                • Men More Dependent on Their Parents
                                                                                • Table 4-18 Number of Men and Women without Own Children Living in Parents’ Household, by Age Group, 2006 (in thousands)













                                                                                                      Chapter 5 How Men Spend Leisure Time


                                                                                                      • Leisure Activities

                                                                                                        • Play Gives Way to Work at Age 25
                                                                                                        • Figure 5-1 Number of Hours per Day Spent on Leisure and Work Activities by Men by Age Group, 2006
                                                                                                        • Listening to Music and Going Out to Eat Rank as Most Popular Leisure Activities
                                                                                                        • Table 5-1 Participation in Leisure Activity/Hobby in Last 12 Months by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Concerts Primary Live Entertainment Venue for Men under 60
                                                                                                        • Table 5-2 Live Performances Attended in Last 12 Months by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Movie Attendance Declines with Age
                                                                                                        • Table 5-3 Profile of Movie Attendance of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Table 5-3 Profile of Movie Attendance of Men by Age Group [Cont.]
                                                                                                        • Most Younger Men Exercise Regularly
                                                                                                        • Table 5-4 Regular Participation in Physical Fitness Programs by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Fitness Walking Most Popular Sports Activity
                                                                                                        • Table 5-5 Participation in Sports Activity in Last 12 Months by Men by Age Group


                                                                                                      • Media Usage

                                                                                                        • Media Habits of Younger Men Affected by Internet
                                                                                                        • Table 5-6 Impact of the Internet on Media Usage of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Older Men More Tuned In to Traditional Media
                                                                                                        • Table 5-7 Attitudes toward Television of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Table 5-8 Attitudes toward Radio of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Table 5-9 Attitudes toward Newspapers of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Magazine Choices of Men Change with Age
                                                                                                        • Table 5-10 Magazines Popular with Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Cable TV Preferences Listed
                                                                                                        • Table 5-11 Cable TV Services Viewed in Last 7 Days by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Popularity of TV Sports Transcends Age Groups
                                                                                                        • Table 5-12 TV Sports Watched Frequently by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                        • Table 5-12 TV Sports Watched Frequently by Men by Age Group [Cont.]













                                                                                                                              Chapter 6 How Men Spend Money


                                                                                                                              • Shopping Behavior
                                                                                                                              • Younger Men Like to Shop
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-1 Shopping Behavior of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Interest in Clothes Shopping Highest among 18- to 24-Year-Old
                                                                                                                              • Men
                                                                                                                              • Figure 6-1 Percentage of Men Who Really Enjoy Clothes Shopping by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Shopping in Home Improvement and Home Furnishings Stores Peaks in Middle Years
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-2 Shopping Profile of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Older Men More Likely to Look for Sales and Bargains
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-3 Attitudes toward Sales and Bargains of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Brand Loyalty Highest among Older Men
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-4 Attitudes toward Brands of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Younger Men See Shopping as Social Event
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-5 Shopping as a Social Event by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Figure 6-2 Percentage of Men Saying They Prefer to Shop with Their Friends, 18- to 24-Year-Olds vs. Other Age Groups
                                                                                                                              • Internet Has Biggest Impact on Shopping Habits of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-6 Impact of Internet on Shopping by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Older Men More Interested in “Made in America” Label
                                                                                                                              • Figure 6-3 Percentage of Men Saying They Prefer to Buy U.S.-Made Products


                                                                                                                            • Personal Finance

                                                                                                                              • Sense of Financial Security Increases with Age
                                                                                                                              • Figure 6-4 Percentage of Men Who Feel Secure Financially by
                                                                                                                              • Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Younger Men Less Confident about Money Management
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-7 Attitudes toward Personal Finances of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Interest in Life Insurance Peaks among Men between 35 and 60
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-8 Attitudes toward Insurance of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Men in 60+ Age Group Most Likely to Have Credit Cards
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-9 Financial Services Profile of Men by Age Group


                                                                                                                            • Technology and Consumer Electronics

                                                                                                                              • Men of All Ages under 60 Show Interest in Computers and Technology
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-10 Attitudes toward Computers, Consumer Electronics and Technology of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Ownership of Consumer Electronics Shows Differences in Life Stages
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-11 Ownership of Home Electronics by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Men under 35 Most Likely to Have Cellphones with
                                                                                                                              • Internet Access
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-12 Use of Cellphones by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Use of Internet Varies across Age Groups
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-13 Frequency of Internet Access at Home in Last 7 Days by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-14 Online Activities of Men by Age Group


                                                                                                                            • Attitudes toward Fashion

                                                                                                                              • Younger Men More Driven by Fashion
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-15 Attitudes toward Fashion of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Men Most Likely to Be in Charge of Clothes-Buying Decisions
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-16 Sole Purchasing Decisions by Men by Age Group


                                                                                                                            • Automotive

                                                                                                                              • Cars Part of Self-Image of Younger Men
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-17 Cars and Self-Image of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Older Men Like American Cars
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-18 Attitudes toward Foreign vs. U.S. Cars of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Men in 60+ Age Group Best Customers for New Car Dealers
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-19 Reasons for Buying Cars of Men by Age Group


                                                                                                                            • Food

                                                                                                                              • Diet and Exercise Become More Important as Men Age
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-20 Attitudes toward Healthy Eating of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Younger Men Like to Try Out New Foods
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-21 Favorite Foods of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Older Men Like Sweets
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-22 Attitudes toward Snacking of Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Fast Food and Frozen Dinners Fit Lifestyle of Younger Men
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-23 Cooking at Home by Men by Age Group
                                                                                                                              • Table 6-24 Attitudes toward Fast Food of Men by Age Group














                                                                                                                                                        Chapter 7 Young Shoppers


                                                                                                                                                        • Introduction

                                                                                                                                                          • Shoppers in 18- to 34-Year-Old Age Segment Seen as Highly Desirable Demographic in Men’s Market
                                                                                                                                                          • “Young Shoppers” Segment Defined


                                                                                                                                                        • Overview

                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers More Likely to Be Multicultural
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-1 Demographic Profile, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Have Lower Incomes
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-2 Employment and Income Profile, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Have Materialistic Streak
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-3 Attitudes toward Work and Money, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers More Socially Conservative
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-4 Social and Political Values, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men


                                                                                                                                                        • Shopping Behavior

                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Are Influencers and Trendsetters
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-5 Impact on Consumer Decisions of Friends, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Like Shopping of All Kinds
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-6 Shopping Online, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-7 Shopping Profile of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, Young Shoppers vs. Other Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Look for New Shopping Experiences
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-8 Choosing Stores, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Shopping Seen as a Pleasurable Experience Rather than a Disagreeable Chore
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-9 General Attitudes toward Shopping, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-10 Shopping as a Social Event, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-11 Shopping Behavior, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers on the Lookout for Sales and Bargains
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-12 Attitudes toward Sales and Bargains, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Less Likely to Pay with Plastic
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-13 Use of Debit and Credit Cards by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Brand Awareness High
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-14 Brand Awareness, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Specialty Stores Get the Nod from Young Shoppers
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-15 Attitudes toward Specialty Stores, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men


                                                                                                                                                        • Following Fashion

                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Enamored of Their Looks
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-16 Self-image, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-
                                                                                                                                                          • Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Spend More on Toiletries
                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 7-1 Percent Agreeing “I Spend a Lot of Money on Toiletries/Cosmetics,” Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-
                                                                                                                                                          • Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-17 Use of Toiletries, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Value Staying Fit and Lean
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-18 Attitudes toward Diet and Exercise, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Are Fashion-Driven
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-19 Attitudes toward Fashion, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Love to Buy Clothes
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-20 Shopping for and Buying Clothes, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-21 Apparel/Accessories Purchased in the last 12 Months, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-22 Sports Shoes Purchased in the last 12 Months, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Like to Buy Watches
                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 7-2 Percent Buying Watches in Last 12 Months, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men


                                                                                                                                                        • Other Highlights of Consumer Behavior

                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Attracted to Healthy Foods
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-23
                                                                                                                                                          • Attitudes toward Healthy Foods, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Like to Cook
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-24
                                                                                                                                                          • Attitudes toward Eating at Home, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Experimenting with New Foods Part of Young Shoppers’
                                                                                                                                                          • Lifestyle
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-25 Attitudes toward Trying Out New Foods, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Fast Food Important to Young Shoppers
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-26 Attitudes toward Fast Food, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Home Decorating Important to Young Shoppers
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-27
                                                                                                                                                          • Attitudes toward Home Dιcor, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Early Adopters of New Electronics
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-28 Attitudes toward Consumer Electronics, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-29 Ownership of Consumer Electronics, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-30 Attitudes toward Computers and Technology, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men


                                                                                                                                                        • Media Usage

                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Are Traditional Media Mavens
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-31 Attitudes toward Print Media, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-32 Attitudes toward Radio, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-33 Attitudes toward Television, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Young Shoppers Generally Positive toward Ads
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-34 Attitudes toward Advertising, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-35 Attitudes toward Out-of-Home Ads, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men
                                                                                                                                                          • Table 7-36 Attitudes toward Ads in Movies, Young Shoppers vs. Other 18- to 34-Year-Old Men













                                                                                                                                                                                Chapter 8 Consumer Profile: Blue-Collar vs. College-Educated Young Men


                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction and Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Declining Educational Achievement among Younger Men Has Implications for Marketers
                                                                                                                                                                                  • “Blue-Collar” and “College-Educated” Segments Defined
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Demographic Profiles Vary
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-1 Demographic Profile of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Many Blue-Collar Young Men Have Substantial Income
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-2 Occupation and Income of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-3
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Homeownership of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar


                                                                                                                                                                                • Core Values

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Blue-Collar Men Focus on Home
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-4 Attitudes toward Work, Money and Family of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Data Provide Support for Stereotypes
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-5 General Interests of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • College-Educated Men More Socially Conservative
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-6 Spiritual Values of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-7 Attitudes toward the Environment of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar


                                                                                                                                                                                • Use of Leisure Time

                                                                                                                                                                                  • College-Educated Men More Active
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-8 Participation in Leisure Activity/Hobby in Last 12 Months by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-9 Live Performances Attended in Last 12 Months by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-10 Profile of Movie Attendance of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sports Choices Differ
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-11 Participation in Sports Activity in Last 12 Months by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar


                                                                                                                                                                                • Highlights of Consumer Behavior

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Blue-Collar Shoppers Less Sensitive to Price
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-12 Price Sensitivity of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Blue-Collar Shopping Habits Unaffected by Internet
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-13 Impact of the Internet on Shopping Behavior of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Figure 8-1 Percentage of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men Making Online Purchase in Last 30 days, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Blue-Collar Segment Shops less Often
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-14 Frequency of Visits to Malls by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men in Last 4 Weeks, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-15 Department/Discount Stores Shopped by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men in Last 3 Months, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-16 Home Electronics Stores Shopped by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men in Last 3 Months, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cars More Important to Blue-Collar Segment
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-17 Attitudes toward Cars of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • More Pickups Found in Garages of Blue-Collar Young Men
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-18 Automotive Profile of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Computers Present in Most Blue-Collar Homes
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Figure 8-2 Percentage of Households of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men with Computer, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Both Segments Like New Gadgets
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-19 Attitudes toward Consumer Electronics of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Multiple TV Sets More Common in Blue-Collar Households
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-20 Ownership of Home Electronics by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cellphones Bigger Part of Lifestyle of College-Educated
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-21 Ownership of Cellphones by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • College-Educated Men Focus More on Personal Fitness and Healthy Eating
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-22 Attitudes toward Exercise of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-23 Attitudes toward Healthy Eating of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Young Men with College Background Have Wider Tastes in Food
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-24 Attitudes toward Food of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Domestic Travel Favored by Blue-Collar Young Men
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-25 Attitudes toward Travel of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar


                                                                                                                                                                                • Attitudes toward the Media and Advertising

                                                                                                                                                                                  • Internet Changes Media Habits of College-Educated Young Men
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-26 Impact of the Internet on Media Usage by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • TV More Important to Young Blue-Collar Men
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-27 Attitudes toward TV of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Most TV Choices Similar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-28 Cable TV Services Viewed in Last 7 Days by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-28 Cable TV Services Viewed in Last 7 Days by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar [Cont.]
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Football and Baseball Top Sports TV Choices for Both
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Segments
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-29 TV Sports Watched Frequently by 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Radio Equally Popular with Both Segments
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-30 Attitudes toward Radio of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Car Magazines More Popular with Blue-Collar Readers
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-31 Magazines Popular with 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Blue-Collar Male Consumers More Positive about Advertising
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Table 8-32 Attitudes toward Advertising of 18- to 34-Year-Old Men, College-Educated vs. Blue-Collar













                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chapter 1 Executive Summary


                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Market Size and Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 1-1 U.S. Retail Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market, 2002-2006 (in billion $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Table 1-1 IRI-tracked Sales for Laundry Care Products by Category, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 1-2 Market Share of IRI-tracked Laundry Care Product Sales by Category, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Table 1-2 Top 10 Laundry Care Product Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 1-3 Market Share of Top 10 Laundry Care Product Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2002-2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Powder Detergent Brands Decline
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Liquid Fabric Softener Brands Lead
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Table 1-3 IRI-tracked Sales of Top Laundry Care Brands, 2002-2006 (in millions $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Bleach Category Owned by Clorox
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Pre-wash/Additives Lead Specialty Products
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 1-4 Projected U.S. Retail Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market, 2006-2011 (in billion $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Market Trends
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Table 1-4 Average Annual Consumer Expenditures: Total, Housekeeping Supplies and Laundry & Household Cleaning Supplies, 2001-2005 ($)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Table 1-5 Projection of U.S. Asian, Black and Hispanic Populations, 2000, 2006, 2010 and 2020 (In thousands)
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Marketing Activity
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Laundry: An Emotional Activity for Gen-X Moms
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Small & Mighty Approach Hot with New Yorkers
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • No Static Radio Approach
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Snuggling Up to the Hispanic Consumer
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Retail Trends
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • New Product Innovation
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • The Consumer
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 1-5 Laundry Care Product Household Penetration by Category, 2006
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Liquid Detergent vs. Powder
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Chlorine Bleach vs. All Fabric
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Liquid Fabric Softener vs. Sheets
                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Laundry Booster, Pre-Soak & Pre-Cleaner Type Comparisons

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chapter 2 Laundry Care Products Market


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Market Size and Growth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-1 U.S. Retail Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market, 2002-2006 (in billion $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-1 U.S. Retail Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market and % Change, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-2 IRI-tracked Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market, 2002-2006 (in billion $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-2 IRI-tracked Sales for Laundry Care Products by Category, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-3 Market Share of IRI-tracked Laundry Care Product Sales by Category, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Top Laundry Care Product Marketers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-3 Top 10 Laundry Care Product Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-4 Market Share of Top 10 Laundry Care Product Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • IRI-tracked Sales, 2002-2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-4 Market Share of Top 10 Laundry Care Product Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • IRI-tracked Sales, 2002 vs. 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Top Laundry Care Product Brands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-5 IRI-tracked Sales of Top Laundry Care Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Forecast
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Concentrated Liquid Detergents Key Factor to Growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-5 Projected U.S. Retail Sales for the Laundry Care Products Market, 2006-2011 (in billion $)
































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chapter 3 Laundry Detergent Category


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-1 IRI-tracked Laundry Detergent Sales by Segment, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-1 Market Share of IRI-tracked Laundry Detergent Sales by Segment, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-2 IRI-tracked Laundry Detergent Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-3 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Laundry Detergent Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-2 Market Share of Top 10 Laundry Detergent Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-4 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Laundry Detergent Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-3 Market Share of Top 10 Laundry Detergent Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Liquid Detergent Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-5 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Liquid Detergent Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-4 Market Share of Top 10 Liquid Detergent Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-6 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Liquid Detergent Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-5 Market Share of Top 10 Liquid Detergent Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Powder Detergent Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-7 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Powder Detergent Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-6 Market Share of Top 10 Powder Detergent Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-8 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Powder Detergent Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-7 Market Share of Top 10 Powder Detergent Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Tablet & Packet/Bar Detergent Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-9 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 8 Tablet & Packet/Bar Detergent Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-8 Market Share of Top 5 Tablet & Packet/Bar Detergent Marketers, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-10 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Tablet & Packet/Bar Detergent Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-9 Market Share of Top 6 Tablet & Packet/Bar Detergent Brands, 2006 (%)

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chapter 4 Fabric Softener Category


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-1 IRI-tracked Fabric Softener Sales by Segment, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-1 Market Share of IRI-tracked Fabric Softener Sales by Segment, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-2 IRI-tracked Liquid Fabric Softener Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-3 IRI-tracked Fabric Softener Sheet Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-4 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Fabric Softener Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-2 Market Share of Top 10 Fabric Softener Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-5 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Fabric Softener Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-3 Market Share of Top 10 Fabric Softener Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Liquid Fabric Softener Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-6 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Liquid Fabric Softener Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-4 Market Share of Top 10 Liquid Fabric Softener Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-7 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Liquid Fabric Softener Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-5 Market Share of Top 10 Liquid Fabric Softener Brands by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Fabric Softener Sheet Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-8 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Fabric Softener Sheet Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-6 Market Share of Top 10 Fabric Softener Sheet Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-9 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Sheet Fabric Softener Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-7 Market Share of Top 10 Sheet Fabric Softener Brands by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chapter 5 Bleach Category


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-1 IRI-tracked Bleach Sales by Segment, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-1 Market Share of IRI-tracked Bleach Sales by Segment, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-2 IRI-tracked Bleach Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-3 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Bleach Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-2 Market Share of Top 10 Bleach Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-4 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Bleach Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-3 Market Share of Top 10 Bleach Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • SHC Bleach Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-5 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 SHC Bleach Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-4 Market Share of Top 10 SHC Bleach Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-6 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 SHC Bleach Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-5 Market Share of Top 10 SHC Bleach Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Color-Safe Bleach Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-7 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Color-Safe Bleach Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-6 Market Share of Top 10 Color-Safe Bleach Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-8 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Color-Safe Bleach Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-7 Market Share of Top 10 Color-Safe Bleach Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chapter 6 Specialty Products Category


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-1 IRI-tracked Specialty Product Sales, by Segment, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-1 Market Share of IRI-tracked Specialty Product Sales by Segment, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-2 IRI-tracked Laundry Pre-wash/Additive Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-3 IRI-tracked Fine Washable Laundry Detergent Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-4 IRI-tracked Laundry Starch Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-5 IRI-tracked Static Control/Fabric Protector Liquid Sales and Price by Volume and Unit, 2006 and 2007
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-6 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Specialty Product Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-2 Market Share of Top 10 Specialty Product Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-7 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Specialty Product Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-3 Market Share of Top 10 Specialty Product Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Pre-wash/Additives Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-8 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Pre-wash/Additive Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-4 Market Share of Top 10 Pre-wash/Additive Marketers by
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-9 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Pre-wash/Additive Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-5 Market Share of Top 10 Pre-wash/Additive Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Fine Washable Detergent Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-10 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 6 Fine Washable Detergent Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-6 Market Share of Top 10 Fine Washable Detergent Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-11 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 6 Fine Washable Detergent Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-7 Market Share of Top 6 Fine Washable Detergent Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Starch Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-12 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Starch Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-8 Market Share of Top 10 Starch Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-13 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Starch Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-9 Market Share of Top 10 Starch Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Static Control/Fabric Protector Segment Focus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-14 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Static Control/Fabric Protector Marketers, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-10 Market Share of Top 10 Static Control/Fabric Protector Marketers by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-15 IRI-tracked Sales of Top 10 Static Control/Fabric Protector Brands, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-11 Market Share of Top 10 Static Control/Fabric Protector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Brands by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)

































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Chapter 7 Corporate Profiles


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • The Procter & Gamble Company
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-1 IRI-Tracked Sales of Procter & Gamble Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in billion $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-2 Procter & Gamble Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-1 P&G Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • P&G Continues Efforts In Branded Entertainment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • An Efficient Conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Gain Goes Billion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Unilever Group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-3 IRI-Tracked Sales of Unilever Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-4 Unilever Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-2 Unilever Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Unilever Laundry Care for Sale?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • The Clorox Company
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-5 IRI-Tracked Sales of Clorox Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-6 Clorox Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-3 Clorox Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • A Growth Spurt for 100 Birthday Planned
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Clorox Eco-Friendly Green Works
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Clorox…The Telenova?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Church & Dwight Company, Inc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Church & Dwight Company, Inc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-7 IRI-Tracked Sales of Church & Dwight Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-8 Church & Dwight Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Church & Dwight Laundry Care Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-4 Church & Dwight Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Arm & Hammer Essentials Line Grows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • OGI Acquistion Numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Reckitt Benckiser, Inc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-9 IRI-Tracked Sales of Reckitt Benckiser Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-10 Reckitt Benckiser Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Reckitt Benckiser Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-5 Reckitt Benckiser Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Significant Events
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Co-op Promotion for Woolite, Bosch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Green Profile: Method Products, Inc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-11 IRI-Tracked Sales of Method Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in million $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-12 Method Products Laundry Care Product Mix by IRI-tracked Sales, 2006 (%)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-6 Method Products Brand and Product Portfolio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Method Listed as Seventh Fastest Growing Private Company
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Method’s Impact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Method a Take-over Target?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • High-end Profile: The Caldrea Company
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 7-13 IRI-Tracked Sales of The Caldrea Company Laundry Care Products, 2002-2006 (in thousand $)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-7 Caldrea Brand and Product Portfolio





                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        TECHNOLOGY AREA: EMR Technolgies in Healthcare


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        chapter 1: Executive Summary


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.1 Healthcare Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.2 Information Technology (IT) in Healthcare
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.3 Definition and Scope of Study
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.4 EMR in Healthcare
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.5 Key EMR Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.6 Emerging Technologies and Application Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.7 Market Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.8 Competitive Landscape
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.9 End-user Analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.10 Regulatory Environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 1.11 Conclusions and Future Outlook












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              chapter 2: Introduction


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 2.1 Healthcare Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.1.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.1.2 Structure of the Healthcare Industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.1.3 Trends
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.1.4 Challenges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.1.5 Market Size


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 2.2 Information Technology (IT) in Healthcare

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.2.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.2.2 Market Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • 2.2.3 Conclusions - The US vs. Europe


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 2.3 Definition and Scope of Study












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Chapter 3: Medical Records (EMR)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1 Medical Records

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.1.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.1.2 Current Practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.1.3 Transition to Computerization


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2 Introduction to EMR


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.2.1 Definition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.2.2 Terminologies Used in the Industry


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3 Functional Requirements of EMR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.3.1 Basic Functionalities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.3.2 Additional Functionalities


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4 Advantages of EMR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5 Limitations of EMR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.6 Key EMR Technologies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.6.1 Software Requirements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.6.2 Hardware Requirements


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7 Components of an EMR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.7.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.7.2 Major Components of EMRs


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8 Emerging Trends

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.8.1 Emerging Technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • 3.8.2 Emerging EMR Application Areas











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chapter 4: MARKET Overview


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.1 Market Definition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.2 Market Size
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.3 Market Adoption

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.3.1 The EMR Adoption Model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.3.2 Adoption Scenario
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.3.3 Projected Benefits of EMR Adoption


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.4 Drivers and Inhibitors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.4.1 EMR Adoption - Drivers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.4.2 EMR Adoption - Inhibitors


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.5 Implementation Costs and Return on Investments (ROI)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.5.1 Implementation Costs and ROI for Office-based Physicians
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.5.2 Implementation Costs and ROI for Hospitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.5.3 Summary


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 4.6 Competitive Landscape

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.6.1 Market Segmentation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.6.2 Market Shares of EMR Vendors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.6.3 Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.6.4 Pricing of EMR Solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 4.6.5 Purchasing, Marketing, and Distributing EMR Products











                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Chapter 5: DEMAND Side Analysis


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.2 Office-based Physicians

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 5.2.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 5.2.2 Case Study


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.3 Hospitals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 5.3.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 5.3.2 Case Study


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4 Pharmacies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4.2 Pharmaceutical Industry Initiatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.4.3 Case Study


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 5.5 Health Insurance Providers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.5.1 Overview
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.5.2 Initiatives of the Department of Health and Human Services


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • 5.6 Consumer Preferences and Future Plans

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.6.1 IT Preferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.6.2 IT Application Preferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.6.3 Technology Adoption Preferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • 5.6.4 IT Operating Budget of Healthcare Facilities












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chapter 6: Key Regulations and Certifications


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.1 Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.2 Need For Regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.3 History and Background for Regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.4 Introduction to HIPAA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.4.1 Privacy Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.4.2 Security Rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.4.3 Limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.4.4 HIPAA Penalties


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.5 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) - Part 11
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.6 Key Certifications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 6.6.1 The Certification Commission for Healthcare Information Technology


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 6.7 Conclusions












                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Chapter 7: Conclusions


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.1 First Conclusion: EMR a Necessity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.2 Second Conclusion: US is Market Leader
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.3 Third Conclusion: Office-Based Physicians are the Growth Area
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.4 Fourth Conclusion: EMR Costs Will Be Reduced
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.5 Fifth Conclusion: EMR Software is Defined By Applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.6 Sixth Conclusion: There is a Large Market For Vendors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.7 Seventh Conclusion: EMR is a Budget Priority For Healthcare Companies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 7.8 Eighth Conclusion: HIPPA to Drive EMR Growth



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • TABLE OF CONTENTS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Out of Pocket Expenditures : Current Market

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The U.S. Healthcare Market

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Need for Alternatives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • High Cost of Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Inconsistent Quality of Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Inaccessible Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Vulnerable Populations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumers Who Pay Out of Pocket

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medicaid Recipients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Disabled Persons

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Senior Citizens

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Mentally Ill

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Obese Persons

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Persons with Chronic Medical Conditions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Reform

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Types Of Out Of Pocket Payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Insurance Co-Payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Direct Payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Premiums and Plan Fees

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payment Methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cash or Check

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Credit Cards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Flexible Spending Accounts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Loans and Lines of Credit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Savings Accounts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Financing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures and Prescription Drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Types of Expenses Financed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures and Prescription Drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Trends In Out Of Pocket Spending

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Inflation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Managed Care Cost Shifting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Retail Clinics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Disease Management Programs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Generic Drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Rx-to-OTC Switches

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medical Tourism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Advisers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medical Procedure Financing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Types of Procedures Financed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Financing Products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Scope and Methodology




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER TWO: HEALTH CARE PAYMENTS AND COVERAGE



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Public Health Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Private Health Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • State-Licensed Health Insuring Organizations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Commercial Health Insurers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Maintenance Organizations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Self-Funded Employee Health Benefit Plans

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Participation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cost Issues

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Uninsured And Underinsured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Uninsured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Underinsured

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Regulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Reform

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Universal Federal Health Care Coverage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • State Health Care Coverage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Current State Health Care Initiatives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Federal Support of State Health Care Reform




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER THREE: OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURES: THE CURRENT MARKET

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Overall Out-Of-Pocket Spending

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payments Types

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Insurance Co-Payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Direct Payments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Premiums and Plan Fees

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payment Methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cash or Check

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Credit Cards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Flexible Spending Accounts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Loans and Lines of Credit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Savings Accounts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Financing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Amount Financed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures and Prescription Drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumers Who Pay Out Of Pocket

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medicaid Recipients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Disabled

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Senior Citizens

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Mentally Ill

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Obese Persons

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Persons with Chronic Conditions


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER FOUR: OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURES: THE MARKET IN 2007-2011



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Trends

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Out-of-Pocket Expenditure Growth Drivers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Inflation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Managed Care Cost-Shifting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Retail Clinics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Services

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Pricing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumer Response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Expansion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Out-of-Pocket Expenditure Growth Constraints

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Disease Management Programs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Generic Drugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Private-Label OTC Medications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Rx-to-OTC Switches

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medical Tourism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Care Advisers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Forecasts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payment Type

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payment Methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Amount Financed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumers Who Pay Out of Pocket


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER FIVE: SOURCES OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE FINANCING, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Types Of Procedures Financed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Chiropractic Services

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cosmetic Surgery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Cosmetic Dentistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Eye Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PRK Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • LASIK Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • LASEK

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Forecast

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Hair Restoration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Fertility Treatments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Weight Loss Surgery

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Financing Programs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Costs to Consumers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Costs to Providers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Usage and Acceptance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Elective Procedures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Non-Elective Procedures


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER SIX: SOURCES OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE FINANCING, 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Trends

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Consumer Debt

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Payday Loans

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Weak Housing Market

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Widening Wage Gap

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Financial Awareness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Security Concerns

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Financial Institutions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Increasing Share of Wallet

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • New Credit Card Products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • New Credit Card Customer Segments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER SEVEN: COMPANY PROFILES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • APFUSA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Aurora Quick Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Capital One Healthcare Finance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Care Credit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Checkups

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Credit Medical

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • CSI Financial Services

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Health Ready

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medchoice Financial

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Meddirect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Medprova

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Minuteclinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • PFS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Rediclinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Reliance Medical Finance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Solantic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Springstone Patient Financing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Take Care Health Systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Target Clinical Medical Associates


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          TABLE OF EXHIBITS



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 1-1:The U.S. Out of Pocket Healthcare Market, 2006-2011, Elective and Non-Elective Spending (in billions)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 1-2: U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures by Service Required, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 1-3: U.S. Healthcare Consumers Highly Likely to Pay Out of Pocket, 2006-2011 (millions)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 1-4: U.S. Healthcare Consumers Likely to Pay Out of Pocket, by Contributing Factor 2006 (Persons with Chronic Conditions, Medicaid, Disabled, Senior Citizens, Mentally Ill, Obese)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 1-5 : Average Share Paid Out of Pocket by U.S. Consumers, by Percentile of Total Health Care Spending and Type of Service, 2003




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER TWO: HEALTH CARE PAYMENTS AND COVERAGE



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-1: National Health Expenditures (NHE) and NHE as a Percentage of GDP, 1980-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 2-2: Premium Increases vs. Increases in Workers’ Earnings and Inflation, 1989-2005

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-1:Selected U.S. Federal and State Health Care Oversight Bodies,2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 2-2:U.S. Health Care Coverage by State,2007


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER THREE: OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURES: THE CURRENT MARKET

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-4: Average Share Paid Out-of-Pocket by U.S. Consumers, by Percentile of Total Health Care Expenses, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-5: Average Amount Paid Out-of-Pocket by U.S. Consumers, by Percentile of Total Health Care Expenses, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-1: U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures: Direct Payments, Co-Pays and Premiums, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-2: U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures by Payment Type, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 3-1: Credit Card Debt of Consumers with Medical Debt by Health Insurance Status,2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 3-2: Credit Card Debt of Consumers with Medical Debt by Demographic Group, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-3: Methods of Payment for Elective Procedures, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-4: U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Elective Procedures, Amount Financed vs. Paid with Cash or Check, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-7:Average Share of U.S. Health Care Expenses Paid Out of Pocket, by Type of Service, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-8: Average Share Paid Out of Pocket by U.S. Consumers, by Percentile of Total Health Care Spending and Type of Service, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-9: Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Spending on Non-Elective Procedures for the Average Person, 2003 71

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-10: Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Spending for the Average Person, by Spending Level and Type of Service, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-11: Drug Cost Coverage by Payor Type (Public, Private, Cash), 1965, 1986, 2000, 2004

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-12: Change in Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses for Medicaid Recipients, 1997 to 2002

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-13: Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses for Disabled and Non-Disabled Medicaid Recipients, 1997 vs. 2002

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 3-3: Obesity in the U.S., 1980-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 3-14: Adults Under Age 65 with Chronic Conditions by Type of Insurance, 2003


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER FOUR: OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURES: FORECASTED MARKET TO 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-1: Extent to Which Consumers Believe Cost-Shifting Will Result in Beneficial Outcomes, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-2: Growth of U.S. Retail Clinics, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-1: Selected Rx-to-OTC Switches in the United States, 1982-2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-2: Rx-to-OTC Switch Candidates in the U.S., 2007-2012

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-3: Cost Savings From Medical Tourism for Various Procedures, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-4:U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures per Worker, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-5: U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures by Payment Type, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-3: Distribution of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending by Payment Type, 2001, 2006, 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-6:U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures by Payment Method, 2001-2011 Figure 4-4: Distribution of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending by Payment Method, 2001, 2006, 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-7: Amount of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective Procedures , 2001-2011 (in billion $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-5: Share of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Elective Procedures Paid for Through Financing, 2006-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-8: Amount of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-Elective Procedures , 2001-2011 (in billion $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-6: Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Spending on Non-Elective Procedures for the Average Person, 2006 vs. 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 4-7: Share of U.S. Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Non-Elective Procedures Paid for Through Financing, 2006-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 4-9: Size of High-Risk Groups for High Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenditures, 2001-2011 (in millions)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER FIVE: SOURCES OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE FINANCING, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 5-1:Distribution of Medical Procedure Financing Market, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-1:Cosmetic Surgical Procedures Offered in the U.S., 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-2: Firtility Treatments in the U.S., 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-3:Leading Weight Reduction Surgeries Offered in the U.S., 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-4:Comparison of Selected Medical Financing Program Costs to Consumers, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-5:Selected Elective Procedures Covered by Leading Medical Financing Companies, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 5-2:Leading Players’ Share of U.S. Elective Procedure Financing Market, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 5-6:Selected Non-Elective Procedures Covered by Leading Medical Financing Companies, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 5-3:Leading Players’ Share of U.S. Elective Procedure Financing Market, 2006


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER SIX: SOURCES OF MEDICAL PROCEDURE FINANCING, 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 6-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective Procedures Paid Through Patient Financing Programs, 2001-2011 (in billion $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Table 6-2: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-Elective Procedures Paid Through Patient Financing Programs, 2001-2011 (in billion $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 6-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective and Non-Elective Procedures Paid Through Patient Financing Programs, 2001-2011 (in billion $)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Figure 6-2: Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Elective Procedures Paid Through Patient Financing Programs, 2006-2011


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          CHAPTER ONE: Executive Summary




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Healthcare Reform

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • The Emergence of Retail Clinics



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Establishing a Retail Clinic



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Service Providers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Suppliers



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Clinical Chemistry and Immunoassays

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Vaccines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Indirect Revenues

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Types of Retail Outlets Offering Clinics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Drug Stores

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Supermarkets and Food Stores

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mass Merchandisers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Other Outlets



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Issues And Trends



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Competition with Primary Care Providers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Regulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Development of Standards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Expansion of Services

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Labor Shortages



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Scope and Methodology






































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CHAPTER TWO: Introduction




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The U.S. Healthcare System Today



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Public Health Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Private Health Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The Need For Alternatives



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • High Cost of Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Inconsistent Quality of Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Delays to Treatment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Advertising and Promotion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Insurance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Consumer Response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Growth Drivers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Economic Pressures on Consumers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Consumer Responsibility for Health Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Benefits of Prevention

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Challenges

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Standards of Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Patient Flow

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Medical Community Response

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reaction from Managed Care Organizations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ability to Meet Financial Expectations



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Establishing A Retail Clinic



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Alliances


































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CHAPtER THREE: Service Providers




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The Market

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Competitive Positions of Key Players






































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CHAPTER FOUR:  OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPNIES       




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Point of Care Tests



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Clinical Chemistry and Immunoassays



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Vaccines



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts
































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CHAPTER FIVE: Retail Outlets




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Drug Stores



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Food Stores



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mass Merchandisers



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Other Outlets



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • The Industry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Competitive Positions of Key Players

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Convenience Clinic Sales Forecasts






























                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            CHAPTER SIX: Total Market




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Growth of Retail Clinics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Opportunities for Suppliers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            • Increased Revenue for Retailers






































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                CHAPTER SEVEN: Issues and Trends




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Competition With Primary Care Providers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Regulation



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Regulation of Convenience Clinics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Pending Legislation


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Development of Standards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Expansion of Services

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Labor Shortages




































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  CHAPTER  EIGHT: Company Profiles




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Atlanticare

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Aurora Quick Care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Checkups

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Early Solutions Clinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • MedBasics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Minute Clinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • My Healthy Access

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quick Health

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Now Medical Centers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rediclinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • SmartCare  Family Medical Centers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Solantic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Take Care Health Systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Target Clinic Medical Associates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • The Little Clinic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Appendix






































                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TABLE OF EXHIBITS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 1-1: Estimated Number of U.S.  Convenience Clinics, 2007 - 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure-1-2: Locations of Retail Clinics, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 1-3: Indirect Revenue to Drug Stores, Supermarkets, Mass Merchandising Outlets and Others with Retail Clinics


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER TWO: INTRODUCTION           




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-1: National Health Expenditures (NHE) and NHE as a  Percent of GDP, 1980 - 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-2: Premium Increases vs. Increases in Workers Earnings and Prices, 1989 - 2005

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-3: Unnecessary Deaths Resulting From Variations in Health Care Quality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-4: HEDIS Scores by Quality of Health Care Plan, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-5: Change in Out of Pocket Health Care Expenses for  Medicaid Recipients, 1997 - 2002

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-6: Out of Pocket Health Care Expenses for Disabled and Non-Disabled Medicaid Recipients, 1997 vs. 2002

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-7: Proportion of Adults Under Age 65 With Chronic Conditions, 2003

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 2-2: U.S. Health Care Coverage by State, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 2-3: Cost Savings From Medical Tourism, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 2-4: Estimated Number of U.S. Convenience Clinics, Expansion of U.S. Convenience Clinics by Major Chain (Aurora, QuickCare, Healthy Access,  Minute Clinic, Quick Health, Solantis, Target Clinical, CheckUps, MedBasics, Now Medical Centers, RediClinic Others, Take Care Clinics, the Little Clinic)   2007 to 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 2-8: Expansion of U.S. Convenience Clinics by Major Chain (Aurora QuickCare, Healthy Access, Minute Clinic, Quick Health, Solantis, Target Clinical, CheckUps, MedBasics, Now Medical Centers, RediClinic Others, Take Care Clinics, the Little Clinic)  2007 to 2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 2-5: Characteristics of Retail Outlets, 2007 (Drug Stores, Food Stores, Mass Merchandizing Outlets)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 2-6: Benefits and Drawbacks of Convenience Clinic Funding Approaches, 2007 92

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-1: The U.S. Market for Retail Clinic Services, 2001-2011


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER THREE: SERVICE PROVIDERS




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-1: Growth of U.S. Retail Clinic Services, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 3-2, Leading Service Providers’ Revenues and Market Share

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 3-2: Market Shares of Leading Retail Clinic Service Provider, 2006


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER FOUR: OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIAGNOSTIC AND PHARMACEUTICAL COMPNIES




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-1: Sales to Retail Clinics by Supplier Segment, 2001-2011 (POC Tests, Clinical Chemistry & Immuno-assays, Vaccines)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 4-1: Growth of Retail Clinic Supplier Sales by Type of Supplies, 2001-2011 (POC Tests, Clinical Chemistry & Immuno-assays, Vaccines)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-2: U.S. Professional POC Test Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-3: Leading POC Test Makers’ U.S. Revenues and Markert Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-4: U.S. Professional POC Test Sales to Retail Clinics, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-5: U.S. Clinical Chemistry and Immunoassay Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-6: Leading Clinical Chemistry and Immunoassay Suppliers’ Revenues  and Market Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-8: Diseases for which Vaccines are Available in the U.S., 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-9: U.S. Market for Preventative Vaccines, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-10: Leading Vaccine Manufacturers’ U.S. Revenues and Market  Share, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 4-11: U.S. Vaccine Sales to Convenience Clinics, 2001-2011


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER FIVE: RETAIL OUTLETS




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-1: Number of Retail Clinics by Type of Retail Outlet (Drug Stores, Supermarkets, Mass Merchandising Outlets, Other), 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-2: Proportion of Rents Collected From Retail Clinics by Type of Retail Outlet, 2001-2011 (Drug Stores, Supermarkets, Mass Merchandising Outlets, Others)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-3: Indirect Income Generated by Retail Clinics by Type of Retail Outlet, 2001-2011, (Drug Stores, Supermarkets, Mass Merchandising Outlets, Others)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-3: Proportion of Indirect Income Generated by Retail Clinics by Type of Retail Outlet, 2001-2011 (Drug Stores, Supermarkets, Mass Merchandising Outlets, Others)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-4: Selected Retail Outlet Relationships with Convenience Clinics, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-5: U.S. Drug Store Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-6 Leading U.S. Drug Stores’ Revenues and Market Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-7: U.S. Drug Store Direct Retail Clinic Revenues, 2001-2011 (No. of Stores, Sq. Ft Per Store, Cost Per Sq. Ft.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-8: U.S. Drug Store Indirect Retail Clinic Revenues, 2001-2011 (Number of Clinics, Patients/Clinic/Day, Incremental Sales per Patient, Total Indirect  Revenue)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-4: Direct vs. Indirect Revenues to Drug Stores From Retail  Clinics, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-9: U.S. Food Store Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-10: Leading Food Stores Revenues and Market Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-11: U.S. Food Stores Direct Retail Clinic Revenues, 2001-2011 (No. of Stores,  Sq. Ft Per Store, Cost Per Sq. Ft.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-12: U.S. Food Store Indirect Retail Clinic Revenues, 2001-2011 (Number  of Clinics, Patients/Clinic/Day, Incremental Sales per Patient, Total Indirect Revenue)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 5-5: Direct vs. Indirect Revenues to Food Stores from Retail Clinics, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-13: U.S. Mass Merchandiser Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-14: Leading Mass Merchandisers Revenues and Market Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-15: U.S. Mass Merchandiser Retail Clinic Revenues (No. of Stores, Sq. Ft Per Store, Cost Per Sq. Ft.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-16: U.S. Mass Merchandiser Indirect Retail Clinic Revenues, 2001-2011  (Number of Clinics, Patients/Clinic/Day, Incremental Sales per Patient, Total Indirect Revenue)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-17: U.S. Other Retail Sales, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-18: Leading Other Outlets Revenues and Market Share, 2006

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-19: US Other Outlets Direct Retail Clinics Revenues (No. of Stores, Sq. Ft Per Store, Cost Per Sq. Ft.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 5-20: U.S. Other Outlets Indirect Retail Clinic Revenues (Number of Clinics, Patients/Clinic/Day, Incremental Sales per Patient, Total Indirect Revenue)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER SIX: MARKET SUMMARY




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-1: Retail Clinic Service Revenues, 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 6-2: Sales to Retail Clinics by Suppliers 2001-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Figure 6-1: Revenues from Retail Clinics (Direct Rents/Indirect Revenues)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER SEVEN: ISSUES AND TRENDS




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Table 7-1: Selected U.S. Federal and State Health Care Oversight Bodies, 2007




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TABLE OF CONTENTS








                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.1 Re-Examining Market Opportunities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.2 Looking Outside Foods for Profits

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.2.1 Beyond Functional Foods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.3 Substantial Opportunities in Healthcare-Related Markets

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.4 Key Opportunities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.4.1 Glycomacropeptide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.4.2 Lactoferrin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.4.3 Peanut Skins

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.4.4 Pectin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.5 Market Potential Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 1.6 Methodology



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.1 Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2 Whey Protein

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2.1 Purified Fractions Are Key

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2.2 Glycomacropeptide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2.3 Lactoferrin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2.4 Dairy Protein Bioactives

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.2.5 Serum Protein Concentrate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.3 Eggshells

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.3.1 Source of Calcium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.4 Peanut Skins

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.4.1 Source of Antioxidants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.5 Pectin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.5.1 Tissue Engineering Opportunities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.6 Xanthan Gum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.6.1 High Quality Xanthan Gum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.7 Soybean Oil

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.7.1 Novel Hydrogels

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 2.8 Hurdles and Challenges

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER THREE: MARKET AND PARTNER OPPORTUNITIES







                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1 Glycomacropeptide

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.1 Enriching Infant Formula

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.2 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3.1 University of Wisconsin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3.2 Food Science Australia

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3.3 Davisco Foods International Inc.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3.4 Erie Foods International

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.1.3.5 Farbest Brands



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2 Lactoferrin



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.1 Beneficial Bioactivity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.2 Chemopreventive Compound

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.3 Bioactive Peptides

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.4 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.5 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.5.1 Applexion SAS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.5.2 DSM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.5.3 NutriScience Innovations LLC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.2.5.4 Tatua Nutritionals





                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3 Serum Protein Concentrate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3.1 Membrane Filtration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3.2 Potential Market Calculations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3.3 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.3.3.1 Cornell University



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4 Egg Shells



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.1 Source of Calcium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.2 Separation Technology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.3 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.4 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.4.1 Pennsylvania State University

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.4.4.2 Membrell



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5 Peanut Skins



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5.1 Antioxidant Source

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5.2 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5.3 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.5.3.1 Virginia Tech



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.6 Pectin



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.6.1 Tissue Engineering Scaffolds and Grafts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.6.2 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.6.3.2 Cargill Texturizing Solutions



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7 Xanthan Gum



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.1 Viscosity Property

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.2 Biomedical Implants from Xanthan Gum

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.3 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.4 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.4.1 Ohio State University

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.4.2 CP Kelco

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.7.4.3 Shanghai Honghao Chemicals Co. Ltd.



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8 Thermosensitive Hydrogels



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.1 Soybean-Based Gels

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.2 Skin Grafts and Tissue Regeneration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.3 Potential Market Size

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.4 Potential Partners

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.4.1 USDA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • 3.8.4.2 Hydromer Inc.



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      TABLE OF EXHIBITS




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER ONE: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 1-1 Healthcare Opportunities for Food Ingredient Manufacturers,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 1-2: Potential World Tissue Engineering Market for Pectin 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 1-3: Potential US Antioxidant Market for Peanut Skins 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit-1-4: Revenue Opportunities for Food Ingredient Manufacturers, 2007

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER TWO: INGREDIENTS WITH HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 2-1: Selected Bioactive Components on the Market

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 2-2: Common Hydrogel Applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      CHAPTER THREE: MARKET AND PARTNER OPPORTUNITIES

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-1: US Purified GMP Market Potential 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-2: US Commodity Whey Powder Market Potential for GMP 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-3: US Purified GMP Market Potential 3% Market Share 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-4: World Lactoferrin Market 2007-

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-5: Lactoferrin Market Potential 3% Market Share 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-6: US Market for Egg Shells for Calcium 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-7: US Market Potential for Egg Shells for Calcium 2% Market Share 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-8: Potential US for Peanut Skin-Based Antioxidants 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-9: US Peanut Skin-Based Antioxidant Market Potential 1% Market Share 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-10: World Market for Pectin for Tissue Engineering 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-11: World Market For Food-Grade Pectin 007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-12: World Market for Pectin for Tissue Engineering 2% Market Share 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-13: World Biomedical Device Market for Xanthan Gum 1,000 kilograms 2007-2011

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Exhibit 3-14: World Skin Graft Market for Soybean-Based Hydrogels 10,000 Skin Grafts per Year 2007-2011 Revenues (in millions)




                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Executive Summary



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Drug Pricing and Reimbursement: Strategic Overview

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Factors affecting Pharmaceutical Expenditur

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Key Issues and Challenges

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Pricing Strategies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Regional Pricing Differences

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Scope and Methodology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • Reasons for Conducting the Study
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Drug Pricing and Reimbursement: Strategic Perspectives



                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.1. Background

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.2. Global healthcare costs and their Impact on GDP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.3. Drug Costs and Affordability

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.3.1. Price Variability across countries

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.4. Factors contributing to Drug Expenditures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • a) Volume Growth

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • b) Rising Prices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.5. Pharmaceutical Pricing and Ethics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.5.1. Differential Pricing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 2.5.2. HIV/AIDS Pricing & Ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Pricing Strategies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          3.1. Background

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 3.2. Pricing Strategies: Goals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 3.2.1. Market Share

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        • 3.2.2