2004 Technology - Broadband Technology Report

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2004 Technology - Broadband Technology Report
Market Report, April 2004, 245 €

Description

Executive SummaryThis report describes in detail the various concepts and technologies used for broadband communications, both for voice and for data.
The technologies are divided into two groupings - last mile and long distance.The last mile (sometimes referred to as the first mile as it represents the connection to the user, the most important component in the network) describes the connection from the main distribution system to the PCs and other devices within buildings or dwellings.
This connection can be via the traditional twisted pair of copper wires, by shielded cable, by the more recent fibre optic cable, by wireless or by use of existing power lines.Long distance includes the use of various types of cable, satellite and microwave transmission.The history, development and present status for each of these are described, together with the various technologies and associated standards being used in each of the distribution systems.

Sommaire

1. TWISTED PAIR, POTS, ISDN
1.1 Introduction and historical perspective
1.1.1 Twisted Pair Copper
1.1.2 Competing technologies
1.2 Twisted pair copper for analogue telephony
1.2.1 Twisted pair cables
1.2.2 Analogue telephones, modems and fax machines
1.3 Twisted pair copper for ISDN
1.3.1 Basic rate ISDN
1.3.2 Primary rate ISDN and HDSL
1.3.3 ISDN historical overview
2. FIBRE, FTTH, PON, METRO ETHERNET
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Fibre-to-the-Curb (FTTC)
2.1.2 HFC cable modems
2.1.3 Wireless broadband
2.2 Fibre-to-the-Home - FTTH
2.2.1 History and general characteristics
2.2.2 FTTH advantages
2.2.3 FTTH disadvantages
2.2.4 Market predictions
2.3 Air-blown fibre
2.3.1 Short-distance technology
2.3.2 First mile solution
2.3.3 Efficient technology
2.4 Passive Optical Networks – PON
2.4.1 B-PON, E-PON and G-PON
2.4.2 Latest developments
2.4.3 Metro Ethernet
2.4.4 More than Internet access
2.4.5 E-Line Ethernet Line Service
2.4.6 E-LAN Ethernet LAN Service
2.4.7 Metro Ethernet goals and challenges
2.5 Fibre installation challenges
2.5.1 Fibre bend radius
3. ADSL
3.1 Common characteristics of XDSL
3.1.1 Broadband access technology
3.1.2 Maximising copper cable network
3.1.3 Technical challenges
3.2 ADSL
3.2.1 General characteristics
3.2.2 ADSL modems
3.2.3 DSLAM
3.2.4 Pair gain and other obstacles
3.2.5 G.Lite
3.2.6 Technical standards - DMT and ATM
3.2.7 Latency – delay
3.3 ADSL technical standards
3.3.1 G.992.1 G.dmt ADSL
3.3.2 G.992.2 G.Lite splitterless ADSL
3.3.3 G.994.1 and G997.1
3.3.4 RADSL – rate adaptive DSL
3.3.5 Etherloop
3.3.6 ReachDSL
3.3.7 G.992.3 G.dmt.bis ADSL2
3.3.8 G.992.4 G.lite.bis splitterless ADSL2
3.3.9 G.992.3 Annex L - range/reach extended ADSL2
3.3.10 G.992.5 ADSL2+
3.3.11 10MDSL M2DSL
3.4 Comparing ADSL and HFC
4. SHDSL, VODSL
4.1 Symmetrical DSL
4.1.1 ADSL
4.1.2 ReachDSL
4.1.3 Comparison with other technologies
4.1.4 DSLAM
4.2 T1 and E1
4.2.1 PABX applications
4.2.2 Interference problems
4.3 BR-ISDN and IDSL
4.3.1 Basic rate ISDN
4.3.2 IDSL
4.4 HDSL
4.4.1 Replacement for T1 and E1
4.4.2 Unconditioned copper pair
4.4.3 HDSL-2
4.5 SDSL
4.6 SHDSL G.991.2
4.7 Voice over broadband
4.8 Latency and delay
4.9 VODSL – Voice over DSL
4.9.1 Limitations
4.9.2 Voice traffic in ATM cells
4.9.3 VoDSL standards
4.9.4 Compression algorithms
4.10 CVODSL – Channelised Voice over DSL
4.10.1 Using 64Kb/s
4.10.2 ‘Robbed bit’ approach
4.10.3 Still early days
4.10.4 Interfacing technology
5. FTTC, VDSL
5.1 Fibre to the Curb - FTTC and VDSL
5.1.1 Complex Optical Network Unit
5.1.2 FTTB, FTTN and Switched Digital Video
5.1.3 Shorter distances
5.1.4 Bandwidth for more services
5.2 Marconi’s TransACT FTTC system
5.2.1 Separate ISP and VoD services
5.2.2 Three-level architecture
5.2.3 MPEG-2 over ATM
5.2.4 Battery backup
5.2.5 Cat 5 for VDSL, POTs and power
5.2.6 Switching in the node
5.3 Comparison with ADSL, HFC and FTTC
5.4 VDSL standards confusion and futures
5.4.1 CAP/QAM vs. DMT/OFDM
5.4.2 Performance and interference
5.4.3 Single- vs. multi-carrier debate
5.4.4 Competing with ADSL and FTTH
5.5 VDSL in Asia and China
5.5.1 Booming market in Korea
5.5.2 Asian equipment manufacturers
6. HFC DATA OVER CABLE
6.1 General characteristics
6.2 Large-scale deployment
6.3 HFC’s stringent design and maintenance requirements
6.3.1 Network design
6.3.2 Services and frequencies
6.3.3 A shared medium
6.3.4 Lifeline support
6.3.5 Purpose designed broadband network
6.3.6 Upstream limitations for HFC Internet
6.3.7 Limiting ‘overuse’ of HFC and other broadband Internet services
6.3.8 QOS in the HFC network and beyond
6.3.9 Cable Modem Standards – DOCSIS, DVB and IEEE 802.14
6.3.10 DOCSIS-related standards
7. FREE SPACE OPTICAL
7.1 Free Space Optical Communications
7.1.1 Infra-red and 60GHz propagation
7.1.2 Practical FSO devices
7.1.3 Novel FSO technologies
7.1.4 FSO practicality
7.2 Conclusion
8. WI-FI, LMDS, STRATOSPHERIC
8.1 802.11 Microwave links using unlicensed spectrum
8.1.1 Frequencies and antennae
8.2 LMDS microwave systems
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Technical characteristics
8.2.3 Limited deployment
8.3 Stratospheric or high altitude stations
8.3.1 Sky Station
8.3.2 Other lighter than air systems
8.3.3 Advantages and feasbility
9. WIRELESS BROADBAND
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Definition
9.1.2 3G
9.1.3 Wi-Fi
9.1.4 HiperLAN
9.1.5 Summary
9.2 IEEE 802.11 - WI-FI
9.2.1 Historical background
9.2.2 Standards and data rates
9.2.3 Security
9.2.4 Equipment and applications
9.2.5 Propagation in and near buildings
9.2.6 Point-to-point links
9.3 HiperLAN/2 and HiSWANa
9.4 Bluetooth
9.5 IEEE 802.15 – WPAN
9.6 Ultra-Wideband – UWB
10. POWERLINE COMMUNICATIONS
10.1 Broadband powerline communications systems
10.1.1 The new PLC offers more
10.2 Technology
10.2.1 Introduction to Powerline comms
10.2.2 Technology problems
10.2.3 Different technologies
10.2.4 Nextgen PLC
10.2.5 The wiring
10.2.6 The devices
10.3 Applications
10.3.1 In-house applications
10.3.2 Last-mile applications
10.4 Mains power supply networks
10.5 Issues
10.5.1 Compatibility issues
10.5.2 Telecommunications issues
10.5.3 Radiocommunications issues
10.6 Major suppliers
10.7 Standards and regulations
10.7.1 Powerline Broadband Standards
10.7.2 Lack of uniform regulation
10.7.3 EMI issues
11. FIBRE, WDM, SATELLITE, MICROWAVE
11.1 Historical perspective
11.2 Optical fibre links
11.2.1 PDH fibre-optic links
11.2.2 Wavelength division multiplexing
11.3 Geostationary satellites for telecommunications
11.3.1 Satellite beams, footprints and signal strength
11.3.2 Carrier earth-stations
11.3.3 VSAT - Very Small Aperture Terminal earth-stations
11.3.4 Latency and geostationary satellites
11.4 Microwave links
11.4.1 PDH and SDH microwave links
11.5 Reliability and security
12. SDH, SONET, RPR, GMPLS
12.1 SDH / SONET fibre optic links
12.1.1 Long-distance data links
12.1.2 Resilient packet rings
12.1.3 Historical overview
12.1.4 PDH
12.1.5 Infrared lasers
12.1.6 Fibre links
12.1.7 Standardisation problems
12.1.8 SDH benefits
12.1.9 TCP/IP
12.2 SDH/SONET data rates
12.2.1 Introduction
12.2.2 DSO
12.2.3 Circuit switched bases
12.2.4 Circuit vs packet switched
12.2.5 Most common data rates
12.2.6 Next Generation SDH / SONET and alternatives
12.2.7 Digital Cross Connect
12.2.8 SDH interfaces on routers and switches
12.2.9 Single datastreams per fibre or wavelength without SDH
12.2.10 Redundancy without SDH
12.2.11 MPLS
12.2.12 ADM developments
12.2.13 Good prospects for RPR
12.2.14 Ring and mesh architecture
12.3 Optical switching and GMPLS
12.3.1 Dynamic optical wavelength conversion
12.3.2 Optical cross-connects
13. GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS

Exhibit 1– Comparison of ADSL and HFC systems
Exhibit 2 – Terminology
Exhibit 3 - DS2
Exhibit 4 – Last mile broadband powerline

Table 1 – HDSL reach (km) vs wire gauge
Table 2 – VDSL Data Rates and Distances
Table 3 – IEEE 802.11a/h 5GHz frequency allocations
Table 4 – SDH and SONET Data Rates
Table 5 – Virtual concatenation base container approximate bandwidths